Dear Students,
Medical histology and embryology science; It examines in detail the basic microscopic structure of human cells, tissues and organs and the stages of gametogenesis, fertilization, early and late gastrulation, histogenesis, differentiation and organogenesis until birth. Both sciences are deeply interrelated both with each other and with clinical sciences.
In our master’s program, we will integrate our main subject with brief information from related branches such as biochemistry, immunology, endocrinology and physiology, so that the candidate can better understand histology issues. Current histology techniques that enable understanding of cell and tissue structure will be reviewed. Cell cytoplasm and nucleus will be explained and the structural and functional organization of human cell biology will be emphasized. Then, the four basic tissues that make up human organs are; epithelium, connective tissue (along with its main subtypes, fat, cartilage and bone), nerve and muscle will be discussed in detail. We will focus on the organization and functional importance of these tissues in each organ system, also considering eye and ear cells. We will emphasize the importance of the topics in human health by briefly associating them with summary clinical cases.
In the medical embryology department of our graduate program, the candidate will learn how the organs formed in the first 8 weeks of human development are formed from a single cell (embryogenesis / organogenesis) and how the fetus grows and gains weight in the subsequent fetal period until birth, and how cell differentiation gradually develops. We will tell you that it decreases.
In our teaching, we will focus on the molecular, cellular, structural and genetic factors that contribute to the formation of this organism. This is important because they provide information that helps create health strategies for better reproductive outcomes. The candidate must understand the basics of embryology and its clinical significance because pregnancy and birth often result in adverse outcomes. 50% of all embryos are spontaneously aborted, prematurity and birth defects are leading causes of infant death and play a significant role in the birth of individuals with disabilities. For these reasons, healthcare professionals must have basic knowledge about embryology. Any healthcare professional with this information can help deliver healthier babies and/or inform and warn parents.
We organized our teaching in two parts. In the first part, the candidate will have an overview of early development from gametogenesis to the end of the embryonic period, understand how placental development occurs and have information on prenatal diagnosis and how congenital defects occur. In the second part of the teaching, the candidate will learn the basic formation process of each organ and organ system (organogenesis). He will understand the numerous deformities resulting from abnormal embryological events and realize their importance in human life. As genetics and molecular biology become increasingly important in embryology and congenital defects, students will begin to learn basic genetic and molecular principles, main signaling pathways and genes that regulate embryological development. We also added new techniques for prenatal diagnosis and treatment, new practices to prevent congenital defects that lead to infant deaths, and treatment methods to avoid problems related to infertility. It will be explained that their prenatal and reproductive health care is not only important because of their contribution to improvements in birth outcomes, but also that they are effective in preventing long-term postpartum disorders. The candidate will also learn about the relationships between medications and birth defects due to maternal factors that pass through the placenta. Mother’s smoking, drug addiction (cocaine, etc.), nutritional disorders, stress, diabetes, etc. will be aware of the factors that can cause both cognitive and behavioral disorders in the individual after birth. Additionally, when molecular and cellular factors are combined with prenatal exposures; cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. in adults. We will emphasize that the development potential of some diseases is also determined.
Prof. Dr. Oktay ARDA
Head of the Department of Histology and Embryology
